Acute kidney injury after on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

BACKGROUND: The acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex disease for which there is no accepted standard definition nowadays. The Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) represents an attempt to standardize the criteria for diagnosis and staging of acute renal dysfunction based on recently published RIFLE criteria, that means, (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage kidney disease). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence and associated mortality of AKI in patients submitted to on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (on-pump CABG). METHODS: A total of 817 patients were divided into two groups: negative AKI (-), with 421 patients (51.5%), and positive AKI (+), with 396 patients (48.5%). Increase of 0.3 mg/dL in creatinine or of 50% in creatinine's basal value was considered as AKI. RESULTS: The rate of patient's mortality with or without AKI within 30 days after cardiac surgery was 12.6% and 1.4%, respectively (p<0.0001). In a multivariate logistic regression model, AKI after on-pump CABG was an independent predictor of death within 30 days (OR=6.7; p=0.0002). This group of patients presented a longer period of permanency in intensive care unit (ICU) [median 2 days (2 to 3) versus 3 days (2 to 5); p=0.0001] and a bigger proportion of patients with prolonged permanence in intensive care (>14 days) (14 versus 2%; p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: In the studied population, even a discrete alteration in renal function, based on AKIN criteria, was an independent predictor of death in 30 days after on-pump CABG.

Lesão renal aguda após revascularização do miocárdio com circulação extracorpórea / Lesión renal aguda post-revascularización del miocardio con circulación extracorpórea / Acute kidney injury after on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery

FUNDAMENTO: A lesão renal aguda (LRA) é uma doença complexa para a qual, atualmente, não há uma definição padrão aceita. A AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) representa uma tentativa de padronização dos critérios para diagnóstico e estadiamento da LRA, baseando-se nos critérios RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, e end-stage kidney disease), publicados recentemente. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a incidência e mortalidade associada à LRA em pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio (RM) com circulação extracorpórea (CEC). MÉTODOS: O total de 817 pacientes foi dividido em dois grupos: LRA negativa (-), com 421 pacientes (51,5 por cento), e LRA positiva (+), com 396 pacientes (48,5 por cento). Foi considerado LRA a elevação da creatinina em 0,3 mg/dl ou aumento em 50 por cento da creatinina em relação a seu valor basal. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade em 30 dias dos pacientes com e sem LRA foi de 12,6 por cento e 1,4 por cento, respectivamente (p < 0,0001). Em um modelo de regressão logística multivariada, LRA após RM com CEC foi preditora independente de óbito em 30 dias (OR 6,7 - p = 0,0002). Esse grupo de pacientes teve maior tempo de permanência em UTI [mediana 2 dias (2 a 3) vs. 3 dias (2 a 5) - p < 0,0001)] e uma maior proporção de pacientes com permanência prolongada na terapia intensiva (> 14 dias) - 14 por cento vs. 2 por cento; p < 0,0001. CONCLUSÃO: Na população estudada, mesmo uma discreta alteração da função renal baseada nos critérios do "Acute Kidney Injury Network - AKIN" foi preditora independente de óbito em 30 dias após RM com CEC.

BACKGROUND: The acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex disease for which there is no accepted standard definition nowadays. The Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) represents an attempt to standardize the criteria for diagnosis and staging of acute renal dysfunction based on recently published RIFLE criteria, that means, (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage kidney disease). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence and associated mortality of AKI in patients submitted to on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (on-pump CABG). METHODS: A total of 817 patients were divided into two groups: negative AKI (-), with 421 patients (51.5 percent), and positive AKI (+), with 396 patients (48.5 percent). Increase of 0.3 mg/dL in creatinine or of 50 percent in creatinine's basal value was considered as AKI. RESULTS: The rate of patient's mortality with or without AKI within 30 days after cardiac surgery was 12.6 percent and 1.4 percent, respectively (p<0.0001). In a multivariate logistic regression model, AKI after on-pump CABG was an independent predictor of death within 30 days (OR=6.7; p=0.0002). This group of patients presented a longer period of permanency in intensive care unit (ICU) [median 2 days (2 to 3) versus 3 days (2 to 5); p=0.0001] and a bigger proportion of patients with prolonged permanence in intensive care (>14 days) (14 versus 2 percent; p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: In the studied population, even a discrete alteration in renal function, based on AKIN criteria, was an independent predictor of death in 30 days after on-pump CABG.

FUNDAMENTO: Lesión renal aguda (LRA) es una compleja enfermedad, la que, actualmente, no tiene definición patrón acepta. AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) representa una tentativa de estandardización de criterios para el diagnostico y estadiamiento de LRA basado en los criterios RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, y end-stage kidney disease) publicados recientemente. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la incidencia y mortalidad asociada a LRA en pacientes sometidos a revascularización del miocardio (RM) con circulación extracorpórea (CEC). MÉTODOS: El total de 817 pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos: LRA negativa (-), con 421 pacientes (51,5 por ciento), y LRA positiva (+), con 396 pacientes (48,5 por ciento). LRA fue considerada la elevación de creatinina en 0,3 mg/dl el aumento en 50 por ciento de creatinina en relación a su valor basal. RESULTADOS: La mortalidad dentro de 30 días de los pacientes con y sin LRA ha sido de 12,3 y 1,4 por ciento, respectivamente (p<0,0001). En un modelo de regresión logística multivariado, LRA tras RM con CEC fue predictora independiente de óbito en 30 días (OR=6,7; p=0,0002). Ese grupo de pacientes tuvo el mayor tiempo de permanencia en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) (6,0±9,5 días versus 3,4±4,0 días; p<0,0001) y una proporción de pacientes con permanencia prolongada en la terapia intensiva (>14 días), 14 versus 2 por ciento; p<0,0001. CONCLUSIÓN: En la población estudiada, mismo una discreta alteración de la función renal basada en los criterios AKIN ha sido predictora independiente de óbito, en 30 días tras RM con CEC.

Elevated troponin levels after prolonged supraventricular tachycardia in patient with normal coronary angiography.

The European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology redefined the concept of myocardial infarction in the presence of highly positive markers of myocardial injury associated with at least one of the following: ischemic symptoms; development of pathologic Q waves on the ECG or ECG changes indicative of ischemia (positive or negative deviation of the ST segment), making troponins one of the most important aspects in the evaluation and stratification of patients with chest pain in the emergency room. However, although troponin gives excellent accuracy in the identification of myocardial necrosis, it is known that it can also be elevated in a series of nonatherosclerotic heart diseases. We present the case of a 49-year-old female patient admitted to the Chest Pain Unit with a history of supraventricular tachycardia associated with chest discomfort, nausea and diaphoresis. During risk stratification, the patient presented with a high serum troponin T level (0.143 ng/ml) but with a normal coronary angiography.